Motor Neuron Disease

What is Motor Neuron Disease?

Motor neuron disease occurs when certain nerve cells degenerate and die. There are two types of motor neuron cells. The upper motor neuron begins in the brain and ends in the spinal cord. The lower motor neuron starts in the spinal cord and ends in the muscles. Nerve cell degeneration and death causes muscle weakness and poor reflexes. The affected nerve cells do not grow back, but healthy nerve cells can attempt to reconnect to the muscles, which slows the progression of the disease.

There are several types of motor neuron disease, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), spinal muscular atrophy, Werdnig-Hoffman disease, and infantile spinal muscular atrophy.

Who Gets Motor Neuron Disease?

Motor neuron disease can affect anyone, but most people are over the age of 40, and men are affected slightly more often than women. Approximately 2 in 100,000 people will get motor neuron disease. It does not seem to be caused by specific foods, lifestyles, or injuries. It is hereditary in some people (5-10%).

How is Motor Neuron Disease Diagnosed?

After learning the patient's history, a physician may perform a physical examination, and an EMG. They may also use an MRI or blood studies.

How is Motor Neuron Disease Treated?

There is no cure for motor neuron disease. Only one medication is currently available, called Rilutek. It slows the progression of ALS by a small amount. Physical therapy and bracing can also help with symptoms.

To Find a Specialist

To find a physician board-certified to conduct needle EMGs and nerve conduction studies click here: www.abemexam.org

For More Information

University of Minnesota Department of Neurology: www.neurology.umn.edu
ALS Association: www.alsa.org
Motor Neuron Disease Association: www.mndassociation.org
ALS International Alliance: www.alsmndalliance.org

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